Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Shakespeares linguistic choices Essay Example for Free

Shakespeares linguistic choices Essay How effective are Shakespeares linguistic choices in conveying the power struggle between Katherine and Petruchio?  This essay will study the text The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare. It is a play written in London in 1592 and published in 1623. The play is set during the Jacobean era (1420-1600). The purpose of the play is to entertain an audience. The secondary purpose may be to inform a modern audience about power and roles of men and women in the Jacobean era. During this period of time, a persons power was shown by the language they used, so the more quick-witted and articulate a person was in conversation the more social power they held. Shakespeare uses various linguistic features in conveying the power struggle between Katherine and Petruchio. Throughout the play Petruchio belittles Katherine and damages the face she presents of herself in an effort to tame the shrew. Kath. A joint-stool. Pet. Thou hast hit it. Come, sit on me. The face that Katherine presents is not that of a typical woman. She is very vituperative and unwilling to conform to societys expectations of marriage. And by using this sexual innuendo to counter her insult, Petruchio performs a face threatening act. He reminds her of his intent to marry her and the fact that to him, she is just another woman. The utterance Come, sit on me, is an imperative. By using this Petruchio is suggesting that he feels he has enough power over her to be able to order her around. This damages her positive face of self-image, but she counters this insult in an effort to preserve her face. Kath. No such jade as you, if me you mean. The noun jade refers to a worn out horse. This connotes he is infertile and thus insulting his manhood. This insult is also a face-threatening act as it damages Petruchios positive face. He thinks he is man enough to be the one to tame the shrew but by saying this Katherine is telling him he is not. Both characters use face threatening acts to attempt to gain power of the exchange. Petruchio also uses connotation to damage Katherines face. Pet. Alas, good Kate, I will not burden thee! For, knowing thee to be but young and light. The adjective light connotes sexual promiscuity again reminding her that he sees her as a woman he can easily woo contrasting with the strong women she sees herself as. The adjective young connotes that she is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and therefore not able to match his wit, allowing Petruchio power over the exchange. Petruchio uses a pun to make fun of Katherine. Pet. For dainties are all Kates. The pun is on the word cates. These are a form of delicate food. This connotes the idea that Kate is delicate and lady-like. This riles Katherine as, as well as using the name that she does not like he is seeing her as the opposite she sees herself and by seeing through her faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade he knows how to gain power over her. The repetition of her name also serves to make fun of her. Pet. You lie in faith, for you are calld plain Kate, And bonny Kate, and sometimes Kate the curst; By repeating her name in these noun phrases he is showing he doesnt care that she does not like the name, and shows that her sharp tongue has no affect on him, allowing him to maintain the power between them, and eventually to tame the shrew. The repetition of her name also gives the utterance a steady rhythm which serves to make Petruchio seem more intelligent as he seems to have control of his speech and words. Katherine uses metaphor to insult Petruchios intelligence. Kath. Asses are made to bear and so are you. The ass is typically seen as a stupid animal so this noun is suggesting that he is stupid. The verb phrase to bear which means to carry something, connotes the idea that Petruchio is little more than muscle. This gives Katherine the power of the exchange as it is in fact Petruchios intelligence that makes them equal and by insulting this she is suggesting that he is inferior. She also reminds him of the fact that she is equal to him in intelligence and power. Kath. Too light for such a swain as you to catch. Katherine turns the adjective light around to connote that she is more quick-witted than Petruchio, whereas he had used it to say she was sexually promiscuous. This shows that they are of equal power and are able to feed off of each other to maintain the power balance. In contrast Petruchio tries to use compliments to break Katherine down. Pet. Say that she frown, Ill say she looks as clear as morning roses newly washd with dew. Say she be mute and will not speak a word, then Ill commend her volubility. The lexical fields of nature give the play a lexical cohesion. The noun nightingale and the phrase roses newly washd with dew are things that are generally seen as beautiful and by comparing Katherine to them, Petruchio is suggesting that she is also beautiful. This makes it seem as though he sees in her, things that nobody else can see and as he can see through her he can stay on her conversational level and maintain the power balance. The use of the infinitive verb in these sentences is a form of ellipsis. Say she be mute. This is another form of covert prestige as Petruchio uses non-standard forms whereas Katherina is expected to use standard forms and correct tenses. This again shows, according to Jacobean society men were more dominant than women and suggests Petruchio is confident that he will have power in the exchange.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

country status :: essays research papers

stThe Status of your Country as of 02/07/2002 Country Name   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dsgsg (#6647)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tyranny Turns Left Turns Taken Turns Stored Rank NetWorth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 1202 0 10,524 $42,943  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Money Food Oil Population Land Per Capita Income  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $898 1352 bushels 11,142 barrels 1586 287 Acres $5.71  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tax Rate Taxes Expenses Food Production Food Consumption  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  70% $6340 $2299 70 bushels 36 bushels Expense Breakdown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Military Alliances Land  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $884 $170 $1245 Land Distribution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Military Forces   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology Ratings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enterprise Zones Residences Industrial Complexes Military Bases Research Labs Farms Oil Rigs Construction Sites Unused Lands   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 8 84 0 0 0 5 0 172   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spies Troops Jets Turrets Tanks Nuclear Missiles Chemical Missiles Cruise Missiles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  33 181 0 0 1683 0 0 0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Military Medical Business Residential Agricultural Warfare Military Strategy Weapons Industrial Spy SDI   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 1971 6 1320 36 7706 0 0 0 30 0 Plague spreads throughout your lands! Kuszcotopia (4166) Instumentality of Ma (12842) dsgsg (6647) bibibibibibibii (8546) Communist Russia (3733) Greetings. I am General Ruby, leader of the Emerald army. It seems our two nations are locked in battle, I have a proposal that may interest you. This war we are engaged in does seem like a pointless one. I believe that in the end, both countries will lose more than won but only one will survive and I sware by the sword of Amethyst, I shall be the victor. So my proposal is we call a truse immidiatly, if this happens, I shall call off my allies and you shall do the same, however you will pay me 10% of your net profit and my ally assissting in this battle shall recieve 5%. If you do not agree to these terms and are persistant in your attacks, then I shall call in more allies, who are greater in number and much more powerfull then I and you. I shall defeat you at all costs, I swear by the sword of Amethyst. Yours sincerely, General Ruby - Leader of the Emerald Army

Monday, January 13, 2020

Laws of Manu vs Code of Hammurabi Essay

The Laws of Manu and The Code of Hammurabi were both discovered documents of two different ancient civilizations. These documents basically told the people of the civilizations what is expected of them and what will happen if they don’t follow them. The Laws of Manu were the laws made for the people of India while the Code of Hammurabi were the laws made for the people of Babylon. Both the Laws of Manu and the Code of Hammurabi concentrated a majority on the aspects of marriage, family, and laws of the land. In my opinion, The Code of Hammurabi was harsher than The Laws of Manu. The Code of Hammurabi was for all the people no matter what class they were classified in, even though slaves and women were mostly treated like property in all places at this time. The Code of Hammurabi was also made more as what is morally right and to help maintain order in the civilizations; while the Laws of Manu were made more on the religious side and to promise the people eternal life if they followed these laws. The Code of Hammurabi gave more of an â€Å"if you don’t follow these rules you will just die† tone to it. The Code of Hammurabi was also straight forward and to the point, while the Laws of Manu gave more detail. In the Laws of Manu they get in more depth of every aspect of people’s lives. In chapter two, number 57, it states, â€Å"excessive eating is prejudicial to health, to fame, and to bliss in heaven; it prevents the acquisition of spiritual merit, and is odious among men; one ought, for the reasons, to avoid carefully. † That’s telling people how much they should eat. The laws of Manu are basically telling people how to live their lives in every aspect and if you don’t you won’t have eternal life. The laws also have different rules based on what caste the people are categorized into; the higher the caste, the more privileges. In Chapter five, number 32 it states, â€Å"A Brahmana, having got rid of his body by one of those modes practiced the great sages is exalted in the world of Brahinan, free from sorrow and fear. † The laws promises if you obey these laws you will never feel any pain and just happiness. It also put all Brahmanas on a high pedestal and a lot of the laws do not apply to them. In Chapter 10, number 103, â€Å"By teaching, by sacrificing for, and by accepting gifts from despicable (men) Brahmanas (in distress) commit not sin, for they (are as pure) as fire and water. The Laws of Manu has more religious purpose behind it than, the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was made more to put order in the Babylonian civilization and it also is more straight forward. Even though it has religious reasons and was made by a very religious man, it was still mostly made to keep order in the civilization. The Code of Hammurabi even addresses how much things can be bought and sold for. Number 239, â€Å"If a man hire a salor, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year†, another example is number 243, â€Å"As rent of heard cattle he shall pay three gur of corn to the owner. The Code of Hammurabi also has more of a revenge seeking tone to it. Just in number one is the perfect example for people to get revenge. â€Å"If any one enshare another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensured him shall be put to death. † Another example of revenge is number 218, â€Å"If an physician make a large incision with the operating knife, and cut out the eye, his hands shall be cut off. † This document for the most part was mostly a way to punish people or bring justice to the people. It also talks about going to court and having cases to justify situations, for example number five, â€Å"If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge’s bench, and never again shall be publicly removed from the judge’s bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgment. † This also goes to show that The Hammurabi Code punished anybody from doctors and lawyers, to women and slaves, your social class did not matter. Surprisingly to me, they both had women rights in there as well. The Laws of Manu gave more freedom to women but yet the Code of Hammurabi gave women more protection. In number 130, â€Å"If a man violates the wife of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father’s house, and sleeps with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but his wife is blameless. In the Laws of Manu, chapter eight, number 364 it states â€Å"He who violates an unwilling maiden shall instantly suffer corporal punishment; but a man who enjoys a willing maiden shall not suffer corporal punishment, if his caste be the same as hers. Not only does that show justice for women but gave women freedom to have casual sex and from the context clues of the Code of Hammurabi, it was frown upon and not classy. Women still didn’t live independent in both civilizations. Also, in both civilizations women were under control by a man from birth to death. Before marriage it is her father, during marriage it is her husband, and at old age it is her son(s). In the Laws of Manu, Chapter nine, number 14, â€Å"Women do not care for beauty, nor is their attention fixed on age; (thinking), ‘(It is enough that) he is a man,’ they give themselves to the handsome and to the ugly. You can also tell that both societies take marriage and respect serious. Unlike in this day and time, the wife gets nothing if divorce is approved. In the Code of Hammurabi number 141, â€Å"If a man’s wife, who lives in his house, wishes to leave it, plunges into debt, tries to ruin her house, neglects her husband, and is judicially convicted: if her husband offer her release, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as a gift of release. If her husband does not wish to release her, and if he takes another wife, she shall remain as a servant in her husband’s house. In the Laws of Manu it shows that the Indian society did not have age limits on marriage. In chapter nine, number 94, â€Å" A man, aged thirty years, shall marry a maiden of twelve who pleases him, or a man of twenty-four a girl eight years of age; if (the performance of) his duties would (otherwise) be impeded, (he must marry) sooner. † Both documents were made to control people and both wer e harsh compared to what we know and live today. They both inform us of how life was back then and how time changes. Some things are still used in today’s societies, like the how women should always remain classy. In the Laws of Manu it states in chapter nine, number 13, â€Å"Drinking (spirituous liquor), associating with wicked people, separation from the husband, rambling abroad, sleeping (at unseasonable hours), and dwelling in other men’s houses, are the six causes of the ruin of women. Also in the Code of Hammurabi, number 110, â€Å"If a sister of a god open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death. † Even though they are from different places they still have the same concept and purposes.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Euthanasia And The Current Legal Position Of Euthanasia

1. INTRODUCTION The term â€Å"euthanasia† is derived from Greek, and means â€Å"Good death.† It is a broad term for mercy killing, which is a plea to euthanasia. It represents a serious socio-legal debate. People do not always die well. Some afflictions cause people to suffer extreme physical pain in their last days, and euthanasia may seem a compassionate way to end the pain. The case of Karen Ann Quinlan set a precedent for patient’s right to refuse unwanted medical treatment. However, the credit of bringing euthanasia to the public goes to Jack Kevorkian. The objective of this project work is to address the burning debate on legalizing euthanasia in India and establishing the current legal position of euthanasia in India through judicial decisions. 2. THE CONCEPT i. Historical background From the days of Holocaust to the days of Aruna Shangbaug the issue of euthanasia has been a burning issue. It was practiced in Ancient Greece and Rome and was supported by the Socrates and Plato. Euthanasia was more acceptable under Protestantism and during the Age of Enlightenment. Among the Nazis it was based on the policy, ‘Life unworthy of life’ needs to be destroyed as their burdensome existence hampers the growth and development of national economy. Ancient Indian philosophy also justifies the idea of willing death. As per the Hindu mythology, Lord Rama took Jal Samadhi in Sarayu river, Lord Buddha and Mahavira also attained similar death. Mahatama Gandhi too supported the idea ofShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Legalizing Voluntary Euthanasia1429 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Euthanasia refers to a practice whereby an act is intentionally carried out with the purpose inducing death . It is usually seen in light of inducing death to patients who are terminally ill or may not be terminally ill but are suffering from unbearable pain . 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